| Normal Parameters for Blood Cells | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Cell | Normal Values | Causes for Elevated Values | Causes for Low Values |
| RBC’s |
4.8 – 5.4 million/µL |
Dehydration Polycythemia |
Anemia Hemolysis |
| Hematocrit (HCT) |
38 – 46% for ♀ 40 – 54% for ♂ |
Dehydration Polycythemia (≥65%) |
Anemia Fluid overload |
| Hemoglobin (HGB) |
14 – 20 g/100 mL (infant) 12 – 16 g/100 mL (♀) 13.5 – 18 g/100 mL (♂) |
Hyperchromic states |
Blood Loss
Hemolytic Anemia Bone marrow suppression |
| WBC’s |
5,000 – 10,000/µL |
Inflammation Infection Leukemia |
Agranulocytosis Leukopenia |
| Neutrophils |
60 – 70% |
Leukocytosis
Bacterial infection Inflammatory process Stress Tissue necrosis |
Neutropenia
Certain bacterial infections Certain viral infections Overwhelming infection Agranulocytosis |
| Basophils |
0.5 – 1.0% |
[rarely elevated]
Leukemia |
Corticosteroids Allergic reactions acute infections |
| Eosinophils |
2 – 4% |
Allergic reactions Asthma acute episode Hay fever Hypersensitivity to drug Parasitic infection |
Increased adrenal steroids |
| Lymphocytes |
20 – 25% |
Acute viral infections
Chronic bacterial infections Lymphocytic leukemia (Acute or chronic) |
HIV
Autoimmune diseases (SLE) |
| Monocytes |
3 – 8% |
Monocytic leukemia | |
| Platelets |
150,000 – 400,000/µL |
Thrombocytosis
Malignant tumors |
Ideopathic Thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
AIDS Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Overactive spleen CLL Blast crisis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
|